Hominid remains & stone implements own been identified within Malawi dating back additional than One million years, and early man inhabited a locality of Lake Malawi 50,000 to 60,000 years ago. Human being remains at the places dated astir 8000 BC indicate physical characteristics similar to peoples residing in todays world in the Horn of Africa. At an additional places, dated 1500 BC, a remains possess features resembling Bushman people.

Although a Portuguese reached the locality in the 16th century, a number 1 important American email was the arrival of David Livingstone along the shore of Flow of any stream Malawi around 1859. Afterward, Scottish Presbyterian churches established missions in Malawi. One of their objectives was to prevent a slave trade to the Persian Gulf that continued to the end of the 19th century. Inside 1878, a total of dealer, mostly from either Glasgow, formed the African Lakes Company to supply goods and services to the missionaries. More missionaries, dealer, hunters, & planters shortly followed.

Within 1883, a consul of the British Government was accredited to the "Kings and Chiefs of Central Africa," and in 1891, a British established the British Central Africa Protectorate, by 1907, the Nyasaland Protectorate (Nyasa is the Yao word for "lake"). Although a British remained inside control in a period of the number one half of the 1900s, this period was marked by the total of abortive Malawian tries to obtain independence. The growing European and U.S.-enlightened African elite group became more & more vocal & politically active--number 1 across associations, and fallowing 1944, through the Nyasaland African Congress (NAC).

In a period of the 1950s, pressure for independence increased when Nyasaland was joined using Northern and Southern Rhodesia in 1953 to form the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Within July 1958, Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda returned to the country fallowing an extended absence in the United States (where he got found his medical degree at Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Tennessee in 1937), the United Kingdom (in which he good medicine), & Ghana. He assumed leadership of a NAC, which in the future became the Malawi Congress Party (MCP). Inside 1959, Banda was sent to Gwelo Prison for his political activities but was freed inside 1960 to participate within the constitutional conference in London.

In April 15, 1961, the MCP won an overwhelming triumph around elections for the recently Legislative Council. It likewise gained an crucial role in the freshly Executive Council & ruled Nyasaland altogether however title a year late. Around another constitutional conference inside London around November 1962, a British Government agreed to give Nyasaland self-independent status the as punishment season.

Dr. Banda became Prime Minister on February 1, 1963, although the British however controlled Malawi's fiscal, security, & judicatory. The recently constitution took result inside Might 1963, providing for virtually complete internal self-self-determination. A Federatiin of Rhodesia & Nyasaland was dissolved on December 31, 1963, and Malawi became the fully independent member of the (erst British) Commonwealth on July 6, 1964. Both years late, Malawi became the republic with Dr. Bandthe when its 1st President, & was too stated a one-party state.

Within 1970 Dr. Banda was stated President for life of the MCP, & around 1971 Banda consolidated his power and was known as President for Life of Malawi itself. A paramilitary wing of a Malawi Congress Person, a Young Pioneers, helped keep Malawi under authoritarian control until the 1990s. Increasing farm unrest & pressure from either either Malawian churches & from the international community led to a referendum in which the Malawian population were asked to vote for either the multi-party democracy or the continuation of a of these-person state. In June 14, 1993, the population of Malawi voted irresistibly in favor multi-person democracy. Loose & fair national elections were held in May 17, 1994.

Bakili Muluzi, leader of the United Democratic Front (UDF), was elected President around victims elections. a UDF won 82 of the 177 seats in the National Assembly & formed a coalition government sustaining the Alliance for Democracy (AFORD). That coalition disbanded around June 1996, but occasionally of its members remained in the government. A President is known as Dr. Muluzi, with received an honorary degree at Lincoln University in Missouri in 1995. Malawi's recently written constitution (1995) eliminated favorite powers antecedently unemotional for the Malawi Congress Person. Accelerated economic relaxation & structural reform accompanied a political transition.

In June 15, 1999, Malawi held its second popular elections. Dr. Bakili Muluzi wwhen re-elected to serve another Five-month term as President, despite an MCP-AFORD alliance that ran a joint slate against the UDF.

Malawi saw its foremost transition between democratically elective presidents within Could 2004, when a UDF’s presidential candidate Bingu wa Mutharika defeated MCP candidate John Tembo and Gwandthe Chakuamba, world health organization was backed by a grouping of opposition parties. the UDF, nevertheless, did non wwithinside a majority of seats in Parliament, when it experienced done in 1994 & 1999 elections. Through the politicking of person chair & previous President Bakili Muluzi, the person with success secured the majority by forming a "government of national unity" by owning many opposition parties. President Bingu evergreen state Mutharika left a UDF persin on February 5, 2005 citing differences with a UDF, particularly all over his anti-corruption campaign.

Politics
Independent article: Politics of Malawi

The food and drug administration of Malawi has been the multi-person democracy since 1994. Under a 1995 constitution, the president, who is two chief of state and head of the government, is chosen through universal direct suffrage every 5 years. Malawi has the vice president who is elected with a president. the president has a stock of appointing another vice president, world health organization must exist as from either a different political party. A members of the presidentially appointive cabinet may be drawn from in or even outside of the legislative. Malawi's National Assembly has 193 seats, all directly elected to serve Phoebe-season terms. the constitution too will bring for another chamber, a Senate of 80 seats, however up to now there are no action has been taken to produce a Senate. A Senate is designed to provide representation for traditional leaders & a different geographical territory, also when various favorite interest, like women, youth, & a handicapped.

A constitution provides for an independent judiciary. Malawi's judicature, according to the English model, is manufactured higher of magisterial inferior court, the Supreme court, & a Supreme Court of Appeal. Local government is carried call at Twenty-eight territory in trine regions administered by regional administrators & zone commissioners world health organization come appointed per central government. Local elections, a foremost within the multi-persin era, took place in on November 21, 2000. A UDF person won 70% of the seats therein election.

A third multiparty presidential & parliamentary elections, originally aforethought for May 18, 2004 were postponed by two years below the High Court appeal per independent opposition Mgwirizano (Unity) coalition. A dog-as much as a poll was overshadowed by opposition claims of irregularities in the elector' roll. European Union and Commonwealth observers said although voting passed peacefully, it were caring just about "serious inadequacies" in the poll.

Districts
Independent article: Districts of Malawi

Malawi is divided into Xxvii districts: Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga, Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntcheu, Ntchisi, Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba

Geography
Independent article: Geography of Malawi

Malawi is placed within southeastern Africa. A Great Rift Valley traverses the united states from either northerly to south. In that deep trough lies Lake Malawi (also known as Flow of any stream Nyasa), a third-largest lake in Africa, comprising about 20% of Malawi's locality. A Shire River flows from a in a south prevent of the flow of any stream & joins the Zambezi River 400 kilometres (250 mi) farther south in Mozambique. East & west of a Rift Vale, the land forms high plateaus, generally between 900 & 1,200 thousand (3,000-4,000 foot) above sea level. North, a Nyika Uplands rise when high as 2,600 m (8,500 foot); south of a flow of any stream lie the Shire Highlands, with an elevation of 600-1,600 m (2,000-5,000 foot), rising to Mts. Zomba & Mulanje, 2,130 & 3,048 m (7,000 & 10,000 foot). In a extreme south, the elevation is lone 60-90 m (200-300 foot) above sea level.

Malawi is one of Sub-Saharan Africa's virtually all densely populated countries. A people of Lilongwe —Malawi's capital since 1971— exceeds 400,000. Tons government ministries & a Parliament come located in Lilongwe. Blantyre remains Malawi's major commercial center and big city, getting grown from either an figured 109,000 habitant around 1966 to nearly 500,000 within 1998. Malawi's President lives within Lilongwe. A Supreme Court is seated around Blantyre.

Malawi's climate is generally subtropical. The rainy year diarrhea from either November across April. There exists little to there is no rain throughout virtually all of the united states from either Can to October. These are hot & humid from either October to April along a flow of any stream & in the Lower Shire Valley. Lilongwe is besides hot & humid when you took these months, albeit far to a lesser degree south. A rest of the united states is warmly in the period of victims months. from either either June across August, a flow of any stream areas & far south come comfortably warmly, however a rest of Malawi may be chilly when asleep, sustaining temperatures ranging from Five °-14 °C (41°-57°F).

Look at besides List of cities in Malawi

Exclaves and enclaves
A islands of Likoma and Chizumulu belong to Malawi but lie totally inside Mozambique territorial waters, forming nautical exclaves [http://geosite.jankrogh.com/malawi.htm].

Economy
Independent article: Economy of Malawi

Malawi occurs as landlocked, densely populated country. Its economy is heavy contingent agriculture. Malawi has couple of exploitable mineral resources. Its ternary first exportation crops come (sequentially) tobacco, tea and sugar. Malawi's president recently urged farmers to assume growing more crops, like gauze ([http://www.tobaccochina.com/englishnew/content1.aspx?id=16188]), or else to the united states's primary crop, tobacco, when fag consumption in the West continues to decline. Traditionally Malawi has been self-self-sufficing around its staple food, maize, and in a period of the Eighties exported real quantities to its drought-stricken neighbors. Agriculture is 38.6% of the GDP, accounts for over 80% of the labor pool, & is completely about 80% of all exportation. About 90% of the people engages within subsistence farming. Smallholder farmers make the kind of crops, including maize (corn), beans, rice, cassava, tobacco, and groundnuts (peanuts).The agrarian sector contributes astir 63.7% of sum income for the rural people, 65% of manufacturing sector’s raw materials, & or so 87% of aggregate employment. Fiscal wealth is usually concentrated in the paws of the little elite group. Malawi's manufacturing industries come placed in a area of the city of Blantyre.

Malawi's economic reliance on the exportation of agrarian good renders it particularly vulnerable to external shocks like declining terms of trade & drought. High conveyance costs, which potty comprise complete 30% of its aggregate import bill, be the good impediment to economic development & trade. Malawi must import altogether its fuel products. Dearth of skilled labor; difficulty inside obtaining exile employment permits; bureaucratic bureaucratic procedure; corruption; & poor & deteriorating road, electricity, h2o, & telecommunications infrastructure farther hinder economic development around Malawi. Even so, recent government initiatives targeting improvements within a touring infrastructure, together sustaining personal sector participation in railroad & telecommunications, keep around begun to render the investment environment additional attractive.

Malawi has undertaken economic structural adjustment computer software supported per World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and more donors since 1981. Wide reform objectives include stimulation of personal sector activity & participation through the elimination of price controls & industrial licensing, relaxation of trade & foreign exchange, rationalization of revenue enhancement, denationalisation of state-owned enterprises, & civil service reform. Malawi proven for Highly Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) debt relief.

When lately Might 2004, the IMF program begun within 2000 was canceled & a Staff-Monitored Program (SMP) was implemented. In a wake up of questions just about financial believability, the SMP’s goal is to give Malawi’s newly-elected government the risk to establish a track record of financial discipline.

Real GDP increased by an forecasted Triplet.9% around 200Tetrad, from either 4.3% within 2003 & Two.4% inside 2002. Inflation has been largely in check since 2003, averaging 10% in this season & Eleven.1% (eastern standard time.) inside 2004. Forget about & commercial loaning rates too declined from either 40%-45% around 2003 to 25% within early 2004. A Kwacha slid from either 90 to 101 against a U.S. dollar within mid-2003 & was at 108 to the U.S. dollar at a prevent of 2004.

Malawi has bilateral trade agreements by using its deuce major stock trading partners, South Africa and Zimbabwe, both of which allow duty-yours free! entry of Malawian products into their countries.

Foreign Relations

Malawi has continued a pro-American foreign policy established by previous President Banda. It maintains first-class diplomatic relations by using primary American countries. Malawi's close relations by using South Africa throughout a apartheid era strained its relations using more African nations. As a result a collapse of apartheid inside 1994, Malawi developed, & presently maintains, hard diplomatic relations using tons African countries.

Between 1985 & 1995, Malawi accommodated to the higher degree a million refugees from either Mozambique. the refugee crisis located a material strain in Malawi's economy however as well drew important influx of international assistance. the accommodation & eventual repatriation of the Mozambicans is considered a major profits by international organizations. Within 1996, Malawi received the total of Rwandan and Congolese refugees seeking asylum. a food and drug administration did non turn away refugees, however it did invoke the principle of "first country of asylum." Under this principle, refugees world health organization requested asylum within another united states number 1, or even world health organization got a chance to clean soh, would does'nt afterwards become granted asylum in Malawi. There were there is no reports of the physical repatriation of refugees.

Significant bilateral donors, additionally to the U.S., include Canada, Libya, Germany, Iceland, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom. Many-sided donors include a World Bank, a IMF, a European Union, a African Development Bank, & the United Nations organizations.

Malawi occurs as member of the below international organizations: UN & some of its specialized and related agents (i personally.e. UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO), IMF, World Bank, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Berne Convention, Universal Copyright Convention, African Union, Lome Convention, African Development Bank (AFDB), Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Nonaligned Movement, G-77, and the World Health Organization (WHO).

Demographics
Independent article: Demographics of Malawi

Malawi derives its title from either a Maravi, a Bantu people who come from either a southern Congo about 600 years ago. In reaching a metropolitan area northerly of Flow of any stream Malawi, a Maravi divided. Of these branch, a root of the present-contemporary Chewas, moved south to the west bank of the lake. A more, a antecedent of the Nyanjas, moved down the east bank to the southern part of the united states.

By 1500 AD, the two divisions of the tribe got established the kingdom stretching from either northerly of the present-contemporary city of Nkhotakota to the Zambezi River in the south, and from either Flow of any stream Malawi in the east, to the Luangwa River in Zambia in the west.

Migrations & tribal conflicts precluded a formation of a cohesive Malawian society until the turn of the 20th century. Around supplementary recent years, ethnic & tribal distinctions keep close at hand diminished. Regional distinctions & competition, notwithstanding, persist. Despite the few clear differences, there is no important friction presently lives between tribal groups, & a construct of a Malawian nationality has begun to choose hang on to. Predominately the rural population, Malawians come typically conservative & traditionally unbloody.

A Chewas be 90% of a people of a central vicinity; the Nyanja tribe predominates to the south & the Tumbuka in the north. Additionally, important many a Tongas live in a northward; Ngonis -- an offshoot of the Zulus who come from either South Africa in the early 1800s -- live in a moo northern & moo central regions; & a Yao, who come mostly Muslim, live along a southeastern border sustaining Mozambique.

Culture
Independent article: Culture of Malawi

African Baptist Assembly of Malawi Malawian English Music of Malawi Athletics in Malawi